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1.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 17(3): 327-334, sept. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514371

ABSTRACT

The mandibular advancements performed in orthognathic surgeries can be stabilized with several techniques when using stable internal fixation. This study aims to comparatively evaluate, in vitro, the mechanical strength in a polyurethane mandibular model for four fixation techniques for sagittal split ramus osteotomy mandibular. 60 samples were divided into 4 groups, with 15 units for each group: group A, group B, group C and group D. Advances of 5 mm were made for each subgroup and fixed with 2.0 mm system plates and monocortical screws in the replicas of human hemimandibles in polyurethane resin. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests of linear loading, being evaluated the peak load and peak deformation. Technique B presented higher peak load (Kgf) and techniques A and B presented higher peak strain (p<0.05). Technique D presented lower peak load and lower peak strain (p<0.05). It is concluded that the study based on the development of new techniques for fixation for sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is of great importance for the advancement of orthognathic surgery, provided by the technical innovation of more favorable plate models.


Los avances mandibulares realizados en cirugías ortognáticas pueden estabilizarse con varias técnicas cuando se utiliza fijación interna estable. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar comparativamente, in vitro, la resistencia mecánica en un modelo mandibular de poliuretano para cuatro técnicas de fijación para la osteotomía sagital de la rama mandibular. Se dividieron 60 muestras en 4 grupos, con 15 unidades para cada grupo: grupo A, grupo B, grupo C y grupo D. Se realizaron avances de 5 mm para cada subgrupo y se fijaron con placas de sistema de 2,0 mm y tornillos monocorticales en las réplicas de hemimandíbulas humanas en resina de poliuretano. Las muestras fueron sometidas a pruebas mecánicas de carga lineal, siendo evaluadas la carga máxima y la deformación máxima. La técnica B presentó mayor pico de carga (Kgf) y las técnicas A y B presentaron mayor pico de deformación (p<0,05). La técnica D presentó menor carga máxima y menor tensión máxima (p<0,05). Se concluye que el estudio basado en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de fijación para la osteotomía sagital de la rama mandibular es de gran importancia para el avance de la cirugía ortognática, proporcionada por la innovación técnica de modelos de placas más favorables.


Subject(s)
Mandibular Advancement/methods , Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus/methods , Mandible/surgery , Biomechanical Phenomena , Orthognathic Surgery/methods , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods
2.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 45: e20210310, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424717

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Few instruments are available in Brazil to evaluate psychomotor activity in psychiatric emergency, clinical, and research settings. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale (BARS) into Brazilian Portuguese and assess the adapted scale's psychometric properties. Method An expert consensus committee conducted a translation and back-translation of the original scale, resulting in the BARS-BR. Four pairs of physicians administered the BARS-BR and the Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) to patients in a hospital psychiatry emergency room and patients in the hospital's psychiatric wards. The BARS-BR was compared to the SAS to assess concurrent validity and internal consistency was evaluated with the Bland-Altman technique. Results In the emergency room, the correlation coefficients between the first and second assessments were rho = 0.997 and rho = 1.0, respectively. In the hospital wards, the correlation coefficient between the pair of evaluators was rho = 0.951. There were strong correlations between the BARS-BR score of the first examiner and the SAS score of the second examiner (rho = 0.903) and between the SAS score of the first examiner and the BARS-BR score of the second examiner (rho = 0.893). Conclusion The BARS-BR showed good psychometric properties, and we recommend its use because it constitutes an easy method for assessment of changes in psychomotor activity. Further studies are suggested to evaluate adoption and comprehension of the BARS-BR scale by all classes of healthcare professionals.

4.
Braz. dent. j ; 33(4): 40-46, July-Aug. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1394093

ABSTRACT

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Micro-CT in linear and volumetric measurements in native (NB) and grafted bone (GB) areas. A total of 111 biopsies of maxillary sinuses grafted with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) in humans were evaluated. The linear measurements were performed to measure the length of the NB and GB. Furthermore, the amount of mineralized tissues at the NB and GB was performed. In the histomorphometry analysis the percentage of mineralized tissues at the NB and GB was obtained in two histological sections while the mineralized tissues were measure in the micro-CT varying the thresholds of the grayscale varying from 90-250 to 90-150 with 10 levels of variation between each one was applied. Then these data were correlated in order to check the higher r level between the histomorphometry and micro-CT thresholds intervals. The linear length of the NB was 2.44±0.91mm and 2.48±1.50mm, respectively, for micro-CT and histomorphometry (r =0.57), while the linear length of the GB was 3.63±1.66mm and 3.13±1.45mm, respectively, for micro-CT and histomorphometry (r =0.74) Histomorphometry showed 45.91±11.69% of bone in NB, and 49.57±5.59% of bone and biomaterial in the GB. The total volume of mineralized tissues that were closest to the histometric analysis were 43.75±15.39% in the NB (Threshold:90-240; r = 0.50) and 51.68±8.42% in the GB (Threshold:90-180; r =-0.028). The micro-CT analysis showed good accuracy in the linear analysis in both portions of the biopsies but for volumetric analysis just in NB.


Resumo Esse estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a acurácia da análise microtomográfica em mensurações lineares e volumétricas em osso nativo (ON) e enxertado (OE). Para isso, 111 biópsias removidas de seios maxilares de pacientes enxertados com osso bovino desproteinizado foram coletadas e avaliadas. As medidas lineares foram realizadas para medir o comprimento do ON e do OE. Além disso, foi realizada a mensuração da quantidade de tecidos mineralizados em ON e OE. Na análise histomorfométrica a porcentagem de tecidos mineralizados do ON e OE foi obtida em dois cortes histológicos enquanto os tecidos mineralizados foram medidos em microtomografias variando os thresholds da escala de cinza variando de 90-250 a 90-150 com 10 níveis de variação entre cada. Em seguida, esses dados foram correlacionados para verificar o maior nível de R entre os intervalos dos thresholds testados na análise microtomográfica em relação aos dados obtidos na histomorfometria. O comprimento linear do ON foi de 2,44±0,91mm e 2,48±1,50mm, respectivamente, para análises microtomográfica e histomorfométrica (r=0,57), enquanto o comprimento linear do OE foi de 3,63±1,66mm e 3,13±1,45mm, respectivamente, para para análises microtomográfica e histomorfométrica (r =0,74) A histomorfometria detectou 45,91±11,69% de osso na porção de ON e 49,57±5,59% de osso e biomaterial na porção de OE. O volume total de tecidos mineralizados detectados pela análise microtomográfica que apresentou valores mais próximos da análise histomorfométrica foi de 43,75±15,39% no ON (Thresholds:90-240; r = 0,50) e 51,68±8,42% no OE (Thresholds:90-180; r =- 0,028). A análise microtomográfica apresentou boa acurácia na análise linear em ambas as porções das biópsias, porém a mesma apresentou boa acurácia para análise volumétrica apenas em áreas de ON.

5.
São Paulo med. j ; 140(2): 199-206, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366037

ABSTRACT

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequent complaints from individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dyspepsia is a universal clinical symptom and is among the most common GI complaints observed in the general population, but its prevalence in the population with NAFLD has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) between patients with NAFLD and controls without liver disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Outpatient Liver Clinic, University Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: We included 96 NAFLD patients and 105 controls without liver disease. All participants were assessed for GI symptoms in accordance with the Rome III criteria. Evaluation methods included a questionnaire for FD (validated in Brazil), laboratory tests and upper GI endoscopy. RESULTS: Mean age and sex were similar between the groups. The NAFLD group presented higher frequency of proton-pump inhibitor usage (31.3% vs 4.8%; P < 0.001) and prevalence of FD (25.0% versus 12.4%; P = 0.021). The symptom frequencies were as follows: postprandial distress, 22.9% versus 11.4% (P = 0.030); postprandial fullness, 18.8% versus 10.5% (P = 0.095); early satiation, 8.3% versus 5.7% (P = 0.466); and epigastric pain or burning, 18.8% versus 5.7% (P = 0.004), in NAFLD patients and controls, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (odds ratio, OR 6.97; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.51-32.12; P = 0.013) and NAFLD diagnosis (OR 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14-5.27; P = 0.021) were independently associated with FD occurrence. CONCLUSION: FD occurs more frequently in individuals with NAFLD than in controls without hepatic disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Dyspepsia/diagnosis , Dyspepsia/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Abdominal Pain , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 46: e17, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431989

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate, using semiparametric methodologies of survival analysis, the relationship between covariates and time to death of patients with breast cancer, as well as the determination discriminatory power in the conditional inference tree of patients who had cancer. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected from medical records of women who had breast cancer and underwent treatment between 2005 and 2015 at the Hospital da Fundação de Assistencial da Paraíba in Campina Grande, State of Paraiba, Brazil. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression, and conditional decision tree. Results. Women with triple-negative molecular subtypes had a shorter survival time compared to women with positive hormone receptors. The addition of hormone therapy reduced the risk of a patient dying by 5.5%, and the risk of a HER2-positive patient dying was 34.5% lower compared to those who were negative for this gene. Patients undergoing hormone therapy had a median survival time of 4 753 days. Conclusions. This paper shows a favorable scenario for the use of immunotherapy for patients with HER2 overexpression. Further studies could assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with other conditions, to favor the prognosis and better quality of life for the patient.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar, mediante métodos semiparamétricos del análisis de supervivencia, la relación entre las covariables y el tiempo hasta la muerte de las pacientes con cáncer de mama, así como la determinación del poder discriminatorio en el árbol de inferencia condicional de las pacientes con cáncer. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de cohortes con datos recogidos de los expedientes médicos de mujeres con cáncer de mama que recibieron tratamiento entre los años 2005 y 2015 en el Hospital da Fundação de Assistencial da Paraíba en Campina Grande, en el estado de Paraíba (Brasil). Se calcularon las curvas de supervivencia mediante el método Kaplan-Meier, el modelo de regresión de Cox y un árbol de decisiones condicionales. Resultados. Las mujeres con subtipos moleculares triple negativos tuvieron un período de supervivencia más corto en comparación con las mujeres con receptores hormonales positivos. La adición del tratamiento hormonal redujo en 5,5 % el riesgo de muerte de la paciente y en un 34,5% el riesgo de muerte de pacientes con cáncer HER2-positivo en comparación con las pacientes negativas para este gen. Las pacientes en tratamiento hormonal tuvieron un tiempo medio de supervivencia de 4 753 días. Conclusiones. Este estudio muestra un escenario favorable para el uso de la inmunoterapia en las pacientes con sobreexpresión del HER2. En futuros estudios se podría evaluar la eficacia de la inmunoterapia en pacientes con otras enfermedades, con el fin de favorecer el pronóstico y mejorar la calidad de vida de la paciente.


RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar, por meio de métodos semiparamétricos de análise de sobrevida, a relação entre covariáveis e tempo até a morte em pacientes com câncer de mama e determinar o poder discriminatório na árvore de inferência condicional em pacientes que tiveram câncer. Métodos. Estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado a partir de dados coletados de prontuários médicos de mulheres com câncer de mama, tratadas entre 2005 e 2015 no Hospital da Fundação Assistencial da Paraíba em Campina Grande, no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. As curvas de sobrevida foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier, regressão de Cox e árvore de decisão condicional. Resultados. As pacientes com subtipos moleculares de tumor triplo-negativo tiveram uma sobrevida menor em comparação com as que apresentavam tumor com receptores hormonais. O acréscimo de hormonioterapia reduziu o risco de morte em 5,5%. O risco de morte foi 34,5% menor em pacientes com HER2+ quando comparadas às que tinham tumores sem a expressão desse gene. A mediana de sobrevida das pacientes tratadas com hormonioterapia foi de 4 753 dias. Conclusões. A presente análise revela um cenário favorável para o uso de imunoterapia em pacientes com superexpressão de HER2. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar a eficácia da imunoterapia em outras doenças e os fatores que favorecem o prognóstico e melhoram a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.

7.
Braz. dent. sci ; 25(3): 1-9, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1382182

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in patients treated in the Residency Program in Endodontics at the State University of Maringá. The influence of factors inherent to the patient and treatment on preoperative pain was also the focus of our study. Material and Methods: 99 patients participated in this study and underwent non-surgical endodontic treatment. Initially, palpation, vertical and horizontal percussion were performed on the tooth to be treated. After the root canals filling, patients received a printed Numerical Rating Scale and were instructed to record the level of pain in the postoperative periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. For each postoperative period, the patient recorded the values. A descriptive analysis of the data and a model of generalized estimation equations were performed to verify the relationship between the variables and postoperative pain, at a significance level of 5%. Results: During the follow-up period, the pain rates found were low represented by 16%, 11% and 7% in the periods of 24, 48, and 72h, respectively. In addition, the rates significantly decreased after 72h. Only one case of flare-up was recorded. Presence of pain on palpation, use of reciprocating file and use of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite influenced the results (p<0.05), increasing the changes of post-operative pain by 3.36, 0.4 and 0.2 times, respectively. Conclusion: Incidence and intensity of postoperative pain monitored in the residency program reduced significantly after 72 hours. Postoperative pain was associated with pain on palpation, use of reciprocating files and irrigation with 2.5% hypochlorite.(AU)


Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência e intensidade da dor pós-operatória em pacientes atendidos no Programa de Residência em Endodontia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. A dor do paciente foi monitorada após 24, 48 e 72 horas após a obturação do canal radicular. A influência de fatores inerentes ao paciente e ao tratamento na dor pré-operatória também foi foco de nosso estudo. Material e Métodos: 99 pacientes participaram deste estudo e foram submetidos a tratamento endodôntico não cirúrgico. Inicialmente, foram realizadas palpação, percussão vertical e horizontal no dente a ser tratado. A presença de dor foi classificada em uma Escala Numérica de Avaliação (NRS). Após a obturação dos canais radiculares, os pacientes receberam a NRS impressa e foram orientados a registrar o nível de dor nos pós-operatórios de 24, 48 e 72 horas. A cada pós-operatório, um pesquisador entrava em contato com o paciente e registrava os valores. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados e um modelo de equações de estimativa generalizada (GEE) para verificar a relação entre as variáveis e a dor pós-operatória, ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Durante o período de acompanhamento, os índices de dor encontrados foram baixos representados por 16%, 11% e 7% nos períodos de 24, 48 e 72h, respectivamente. Além disso, as taxas diminuíram significativamente após 72h. Apenas um caso de reagudecimento foi registrado. Presença de dor à palpação, uso de lima reciprocante e uso de hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% influenciaram os resultados (p<0,05) aumentando as alterações da dor pós-operatória em 3,36, 0,4 e 0,2 vezes, respectivamente. O tempo médio de encaminhamento foi de 6,28 meses, o que não influenciou nos resultados. Conclusão: A incidência e intensidade da dor pós-operatória monitorada no programa de residência reduziram significativamente após 72 horas. A dor pós-operatória foi associada à dor à palpação, uso de limas reciprocantes e irrigação com hipoclorito a 2,5%. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pain, Postoperative , Pain Measurement , Endodontics
8.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e19739, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383981

ABSTRACT

Abstract The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of and characterize the use of psychoactive drugs among drug users in a Brazilian municipality, relating the findings to factors associated with the consumption of these substances. Through a cross-sectional design, 1,355 drug users from the public health systems community pharmacies were interviewed. Sociodemographic and health-related data were collected, as well as any other prescribed drugs. The prevalence of psychoactive drug use within the last month was 31.0%, with antidepressants and benzodiazepines being the most prescribed (53.5% and 24.6% respectively). Most psychoactive drug users were female (81.9%), lived with a partner (52.6%), had private health insurance (69.2%) and a monthly per-capita income up to one minimum wage (54.0%). The adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) confirmed the following factors to be positively associated with the use of psychoactive drugs: female gender (OR=2.06; 95% CI 1.44; 2.95), age ≥60 years old (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.26; 2.48), follow-up with a psychologist (OR=4.12; 95% CI 1.84; 5.25), absence of regular physical activity (OR=1.59; 95% CI 1.13; 2.23), and smokers (OR=1.94; 95% CI 1.26; 2.97). Approximately one out of three individuals used at least one psychoactive drug. Health managers should focus the planning and actions aimed at their rational use for these groups, leading to increased overall treatment success


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Psychotropic Drugs/analysis , Unified Health System , Pharmacies/classification , Pharmacoepidemiology/classification , Drug Users/statistics & numerical data , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects
9.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 29(1): [1-12], jan.-mar. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1348341

ABSTRACT

Os testes de hipótese são amplamente empregados para análise de dados na área de ciência do esporte. Porém, existe um questionamento em relação a utilização desse método e a comunidade científica ainda procura soluções mais adequadas para a análise dos dados. De fato, esse tipo de análise não permite uma interpretação prática das mudanças observadas ao longo do tempo. Por conta disso, o cálculo da "in ferência baseada em magnitude" (IBM) vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado por pesquisadores e analistas de desempenho. Em uma perspectiva aplicada, a IBM permite avaliar a probabilidade de se encontrar diferenças relevantes (i.e., meaningful differences) nas variáveis investigadas. Da mesma forma, a IBM permite examinar com precisão as variações individuais e importantes no desempenho esportivo. O objetivo desse ponto de vista é apresentar e discutir a aplicação da IBM a partir das análises individuais. Para tanto o trabalho aborda os seguintes temas: 1) utilização da análise de dados no "mundo real"; 2) inferência baseada em magnitude: conceitos básicos; 3) aplicando a IBM no contexto do esporte; 4) classificações qualitativas com base nas mudanças observadas; 5) formas de se obter a mínima mudança válida importante e o erro típico; 6) análise e interpretação dos dados. Esperamos que o conteúdo apresentado encoraje pesquisadores e profissionais do esporte a implementar esse novo método de análise em suas rotinas diárias e, ao mesmo tempo, lhes auxilie na interpretação dos dados provenientes das avaliações e testes de desempenho.(AU)


Null hypothesis tests are widely used for data analysis in sport science. However, the scientific community has been questioning this method and is still looking for alternative approaches for data analyses. In fact, this type of analysis does not allow practical interpretation of the changes observed in athletic performance over time. Therefore, the magnitude-based inference (MBI) method has been increasingly used by researchers and performance analysts. From an applied perspective, this method allows examining the probability of finding meaningful differences in assessed variables. In addition, the MBI enables precise assessment of individual changes, which may be releva nt to sport performance. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the application of the individual MBI analysis. Based on this purpose, the manuscript covers the following topics: 1) utilization of data analysis in real world settings; 2) basic concepts of the MBI; 3) applying the MBI approach in sport science; 4) qualitative classifications based on observed changes; 5) different methods to determine the smallest worthwhile change and the typical error; 6) data analysis and interpretation. We hope that this study will encourage practitioners and r esearchers to implement this novel statistical approach in their daily routines, for analysis and interpretation of data collected during physical performance measurements.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypothesis-Testing , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Athletic Performance , Physical Functional Performance , Data Analysis , Sports , Athletes
10.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 43: e014220, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340981

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the risk factors associated with gym regulars' dropout over 12 months. This is an observational, retrospective, cohort study. The sample consisted of two gyms (Gym 1: n=2027, age=39.1 ±13.1 years; Gym 2: n=1775, age=36.8 ±11.6 years). Each participant was followed up for 12 months, or until dropout, by controlling the biometric entry system using a turnstile. The adherence rate was of 11% at Gym 1 and 19% at Gym 2. At both gyms, training frequency ≤3x/month and 4-6x/month was associated with dropout. At gym 1, being a female, aged ≥43 years, and enrollment between October and December were dropout predictors. At Gym 2, dropout was associated with contract length ≤31 days and 32-186 days and enrollment between April and December.


RESUMO Este estudo teve objetivo verificar os fatores de risco associados ao abandono durante 12 meses. Este é um estudo observacional de coorte retrospectivo. A amostra consistiu de duas academias (Academia 1: n=2027, idade=39,1±13,1 anos; Academia 2: n=1775, idade=36,8±11,6 anos). Cada participante foi acompanhado por 12 meses ou até o abandono, pelo controle do sistema de entrada biométrica, usando uma catraca. A taxa de aderência foi 11% na academia 1 e 19% na academia 2. Em ambas as academias, frequência de treino ≤3x/mês e 4-6x/mês foi associada ao abandono. Na academia 1, ser mulher, idade ≥43 anos, e matrícula ocorrendo entre outubro-dezembro foram preditores de abandono. Na academia 2, o abandono foi associado com duração do contrato ≤31 dias e entre 32-186 dias, e matrícula ocorrendo entre abril-dezembro.


RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue verificar los factores de riesgo asociados al abandono durante 12 meses. Este es un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por dos gimnasios (Gimnasio 1: n = 2027, edad=39,1±13,1 años; Gimnasio 2: n=1775, edad = 36,8±11,6 años). Se realizó un seguimiento de cada participante durante 12 meses o hasta el abandono, controlando el sistema de entrada biométrico, mediante un trinquete. La tasa de adherencia fue del 11% en el gimnasio 1 y del 19% en el gimnasio 2. En ambos gimnasios, frecuencia de entrenamiento ≤3x/mes y 4-6x/mes se asoció con el abandono. En el gimnasio 1, ser mujer, edad ≥43 años, y la matrícula realizada entre octubre-diciembre fueron predictores de abandono. En el gimnasio 2, abandono se asoció con una duración del contrato ≤31 días y entre 32-186 días, y la matrícula realizada entre abril-diciembre.

11.
Licere (Online) ; 23(3): 587-617, set.2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145388

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo, buscamos compreender os usos e apropriações de equipamentos destinados ao lazer e a saúde por frequentadores de uma praça pública localizada na região metropolitana do município de Vitória/ES. Para a realização da investigação optamos pela utilização de observações etnográficas, complementadas por observações participantes, diários de campo e entrevistas. Os resultados indicaram que o equipamento de lazer é ocupado com maior assiduidade quando comparado ao equipamento de saúde isso porque, no primeiro, as redes de sociabilidade e a produção de sentido/significado manifestam-se na coletividade de seus frequentadores. Também foi evidenciado que as opções de entretenimento e a qualidade dos espaços influenciavam nos seus usos e apropriações.


In this study we seek to understand the uses and appropriations of leisure and health equipments by people who attend a public square located in the metropolitan region of Vitória/ES. For the research we chose to use ethnographic observations, complemented by participant observations, field diaries and interviews. The results indicated that leisure equipment is occupied with greater attendance when compared to health equipment because, in the first, forms of interaction (sociability) and the production of meaning / meaning manifest themselves in the collectivity of their visitors. It was also evidenced that the entertainment options and the quality of the spaces influenced their uses and appropriations.


Subject(s)
Leisure Activities
13.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 28(1): 69-77, jan.-mar. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102487

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito da quantidade de balizas em jogos reduzidos no futsal (JRF's) sobre a carga interna e resposta afetiva. Participaram do estudo oito atletas adultas de futsal feminino, que treinavam regularmente cinco vezes por semana. Foram analisadas duas sessões de treinamento: 1) JRF1baliza 4 x 4 com uma baliza para cada equipe; 2) JRF3balizas4 x 4 com três balizas para cada equipe. A ordem dos JRF's foi escolhida de forma randomizada. Para análise da carga interna utilizou-se a escala CR 0-10 de percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e para a resposta afetiva, utilizou-se a escala de sentimento (feeling scale). Utilizou-se o teste t pareado para análise da resposta psicofisiológica, considerando significativo um valor p < 0,05. Em nossos resultados os valores de P SE foram semelhantes entre os JRF's (JRF1baliza: 4,5 ± 1,7 vs. JRF3balizas: 4,4 ± 0,7, p > 0,05) da mesma fo rm a para a resposta afetiva (JRF1baliza: 0,2 ± 0,8 vs. JRF3balizas: 0,1 ± 1,0, p > 0,05), adicionalmente observou-se que os valores de PSE fixaram-se em "um pouco difícil" e a resposta afetiva permaneceu positiva durante ambos os JRF's. Em suma, conclui-se que os JRF1baliza e JRF3balizas obtiveram respostas semelhante nos marcadores psicofisiológicos (PSE e Afeto) em atletas adultas de futsal feminino...(AU)


The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the number of goals in futsal small-sided games (SSG) on the internal load and affective response. Eight adult female futsal players regularly training five times a week participated in the study. Two training sessions were analyzed: 1) SSG1goal 4 x 4 with one goal for each team; 2) SSG3goal 4 x 4 with three goals for each team. The order of SSG was chosen in a randomized fashion. The CR 0-10 scale of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was ch o sen to analyze internal load and for the affective response, the feeling scale was used. Paired t test was used t o analyze the psychophysiological response, considering a value p < 0.05. It was observ ed t hat t he RPE values were similar between the SSG (SSG1goal: 4.5 ± 1.7 vs. SSG3goal: 4.4 ± 0.7, p > 0.05) in the same way for affective response (SSG1goal: 0.2 ± 0.8 vs. SSG3goal: 0.1 ± 1.0, p > 0.05), it was further observed that the RPE values were set as "a little difficult" and the values of the Feeling Scale was p o sit iv e durin g bo th SSG. In summary, the SSG1goal and SSG3goal being performed in random order with seven days rest between them, obtained similar responses in the psychophysiological markers in adult female futsal players...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Perception , Sports , Female , Athletes , Physical Education and Training , Adult , Affect , Emotions , Mentoring
14.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO5427, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133722

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods: This was a descriptive study performed at a public tertiary care university hospital gathering prescription, sociodemographic and hospitalization data of inpatients admitted in 2014 who used antimicrobial drugs. This data were obtained from the hospital electronic database. The antimicrobial data were classified according to the anatomical, therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose per 1,000 inpatients. An exploratory analysis was performed using principal component analysis. Results: A total of 5,182 inpatients were prescribed surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Of the total antimicrobial use, 11.7% were for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. The orthopedic, thoracic and cardiovascular postoperative units, and postoperative intensive care unit comprised more than half of the total surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use (56.3%). The duration of antimicrobial use of these units were 2.2, 2.0, and 1.4 days, respectively. Third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones had the longest use among antimicrobial classes. Conclusion: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was inadequate in the orthopedic, postoperative intensive care, thoracic and cardiovascular postoperative, gynecology and obstetrics, and otolaryngology units. Therefore, the development and implementation of additional strategies to promote surgical antibiotic stewardship at hospitals are essential.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo em um hospital universitário de cuidado terciário por meio de coleta de dados de prescrição, sociodemográficos e de hospitalização sobre todos os pacientes internados em 2014 que utilizaram pelo menos um medicamento antimicrobiano. Esses dados foram coletados da base de dados eletrônica do hospital. O consumo de antimicrobianos foi analisado de acordo com a classificação anatômica terapêutica e química/dose diária definida por mil pacientes-dia. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória por meio da análise de componentes principais. Resultados: Um total de 5.182 pacientes internados receberam prescrição de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica, que corresponde a 11,7% do total de antibióticos utilizados no hospital. As unidades de ortopedia, pós-operatória de cirurgia torácica e cardiovascular e terapia intensiva pós-operatória foram responsáveis pela utilização de mais da metade (56,3%) da antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. A duração de uso desses antimicrobianos nessas unidades foi 2,2, 2,0 e 2,4 dias, respectivamente. Cefalosporinas de terceira geração e fluoroquinolonas foram as classes de antimicrobianos com tempo de utilização mais longo. Conclusão: A utilização de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica foi inadequada nas unidades de ortopedia, pós-operatória de cirurgia torácica e cardiovascular, terapia intensiva pós-operatória, ginecologia e obstetrícia e otorrinolarigonlogia. Portanto, são importantes o desenvolvimento e a implantação de estratégias que promovam o uso racional de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica nos hospitais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Drug Utilization Review , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Hospitalization , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
15.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO5314, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133728

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of use of drugs to treat gastrointestinal disorders, according to demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics of the Brazilian population. Methods This is a population-based survey that interviewed individuals residing in cities of the five regions in Brazil. The study sample was composed of 32,348 individuals aged 20 or more years. The profile of use of drugs for gastrointestinal disorders was evaluated considering the variables sex, age, healthcare plan, region, and number of chronic diseases. We also analyzed the frequency of individuals who declared using other drugs, besides those already employed for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the estimated frequencies of the drug classes used were determined. Results The prevalence of use of drugs for gastrointestinal disorders in Brazil was 6.9% (95% confidence interval − 6.4-7.6), higher in females, among persons aged over 60 years, in those who had a private healthcare insurance, and presented with two or more chronic diseases. It was noted that 42.9% of the aged who used drugs for gastrointestinal disorders were also on polypharmacy. As to the classes of drugs, 82% corresponded to drugs for the food tract and metabolism, particularly proton pumps inhibitors. Conclusion The use of drugs for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders was significant among women and elderly. In this age group, consumption may be linked to gastric protection due to polypharmacy. This study is an unprecedented opportunity to observe the self-reported consumption profile of these drugs in Brazil and, therefore, could subsidize strategies to promote their rational use.


RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de utilização de medicamentos para o tratamento de distúrbios gastrintestinais, segundo características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde da população brasileira. Métodos Trata-se de inquérito de base populacional, que entrevistou indivíduos residentes em municípios das cinco regiões do Brasil. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 32.348 indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais de idade. Foi avaliado o perfil de utilização de medicamentos para distúrbios gastrintestinais entre as variáveis sexo, idade, plano de saúde, região e número de doenças crônicas. Analisou-se a frequência de indivíduos que declararam utilizar outros medicamentos, além daqueles já utilizados para tratamento de distúrbios gastrintestinais. Além disso, foram estimadas as frequências das classes medicamentosas utilizadas. Resultados A prevalência de utilização de medicamentos para distúrbios gastrintestinais no Brasil foi de 6,9% (intervalo de confiança de 95% − 6,4-7,6), sendo maior no sexo feminino, entre pessoas acima de 60 anos de idade, naqueles que possuíam plano privado de saúde e tinham duas ou mais doenças crônicas. Observou-se que 42,9% dos idosos que utilizaram medicamentos para distúrbios gastrintestinais também eram polimedicados. Em relação às classes medicamentosas, 82% correspondiam a medicamentos para o trato alimentar e metabolismo, destacando os inibidores da bomba de prótons. Conclusão A utilização de medicamentos para tratamento de distúrbios gastrintestinais foi significativa entre mulheres e idosos. Nesta faixa etária, o consumo pode estar vinculado à proteção gástrica causada por polimedicação. Este estudo representa oportunidade inédita para observar o perfil de consumo autorreferido desses medicamentos no Brasil e pode, portanto, subsidiar estratégias para promoção de seu uso racional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Drugs, Essential/therapeutic use , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Cities , Drugs, Essential/supply & distribution , Prescription Drugs/supply & distribution , Middle Aged
16.
REVISA (Online) ; 9(ESPECIAL COVID-19): 610-617, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128370

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relatar as experiências de trabalho remoto e EaD de um grupo do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade na pandemia. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência das atividades realizadas por um grupo do PET-Saúde, vinculado a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS) e ao Centro de Atendimento ao Diabético e Hipertenso (CADH), de março a junho de 2020. As atividades presenciais na UEFS e no CADH foram substituídas por atividades remotas e EaD. A metodologia utilizada envolveu a incorporação de ferramentas virtuais em: 1) Seminários e cursos EaD; 2) Estabelecimento de estratégias de inovação para atuação em saúde; 3) Construção de materiais de Educação em Saúde. Resultados: As ferramentas educacionais virtuais permitiram a realização de um trabalho inovador, focado na formação inicial e continuada de alunos, professores e profissionais de saúde. Mudanças no fluxo dos pacientes, produção de cartilha e artigos também foram atividades desenvolvidas. Conclusão: O uso de plataformas virtuais e EaD favoreceram o planejamento de ações, proporcionando ganho de conhecimento individual e coletivo, permitindo alterações no serviço, orientação dos pacientes e produção científica


Objective: To report the experiences of remote work and distance education of a group from PET-Saúde Interprofessionality in the pandemic. Method: This is an experience report of the activities developed by a group from PET-Health, linked to the State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS) and the Diabetic and Hypertensive Care Center (CADH), from March to June of 2020. Face-to-face activities at UEFS and CADH have been replaced by remote and distance learning activities. The methodology used involved the incorporation of virtual tools in: 1) Seminars and distance education courses; 2) Establishment of innovation strategies for health activities; 3) Construction of Health Education materials. Results: The virtual educational tools allowed the realization of an innovative work, focused on the initial and continuous training of students, teachers and health professionals. Changes in the flow of patients, production of booklets and articles were also developed. Conclusion: The use of virtual platforms and distance education favored the planning of actions, providing gain of individual and collective knowledge, allowing changes in the service, guidance of patients and scientific production..


Objetivo: Describir las experiencias de trabajo remoto y AD de un grupo del Programa PETSalud Interprofesional en la pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Este es un reporte de experiencia de las actividades realizadas por un grupo del Program PET-Salud, vinculado a la Universidad Estatal de Feira de Santana (UEFS) y Centro de Servicio a los Diabéticos e Hipertensos (CADH), de marzo a junio de 2020. Las actividades presenciales en UEFS y en el CADH han sido reemplazadas por actividades remotas y AD. La metodología utilizada implicó la incorporación de herramientas virtuales en: 1) seminarios y cursos de AD; 2) Establecimiento de estrategias de innovación para actividades de salud; y 3) Construcción de materiales de educación sanitaria. Resultados: Las herramientas educativas virtuales permitieron la realización de un trabajo innovador, enfocado en la formación inicial y continua de estudiantes, docentes y profesionales de la salud. Además, se desarrollaron cambios en el flujo de pacientes, producción de folletos y artículos. Conclusión: El uso de plataformas virtuales y el AD favorecieran la planificación de acciones, aportando conocimiento individual y colectivo, además de permitir cambios en el servicio, orientación de pacientes y producción científica


Subject(s)
Coronavirus , Information Technology , Pandemics
17.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(5): 1533-1538, sept./oct. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049047

ABSTRACT

The ovarian neoplasias are unusual in canine species, mainly originated from germinative cells. Among these, dysgerminoma is a rare neoplasm in bitches, predominantly affecting senile and small and medium breeds. They are large, rounded, smooth surface, painless and firm in consistency. The clinical signs commonly demonstrated by patients with this neoplasia are abdominal distension and secondary signs of hyperestrogenism. The diagnosis should be based on the association of history, clinical signs, radiographic, ultrasonographic, cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams. The treatment is the surgical castration and metastases are uncommon. Due to the rarity in bitches, specifically the young animals, this study aimed to describe a case of left ovarian dysgerminoma, of considerable size and adherence in adjacent organs, in a Brazilian Fila, whose showed considerable increase in abdominal volume and progressive weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of complementary x-ray, ultrasound, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Even with the recommended surgical treatment (castration), the patient demonstrated severe respiratory symptoms and increased abdominal volume after two months, and the complementary exams suggested pulmonary and multifocal metastases and the tutor chose euthanasia. As presented by the results, although rare in bitches, dysgerminoma should be included in the differential of ovarian neoplasias, including the young ones.


As neoplasias ovarianas são de ocorrência incomum na espécie canina, principalmente as originadas de células germinativas. Dentre estas, o disgerminoma é uma neoplasia rara em cadelas, acometendo predominantemente fêmeas senis e de raças pequenas e médias. Apresentam-se como massas grandes, arredondadas, de superfície lisa, indolores e de consistência firme. Os sinais clínicos comumente demonstrados por pacientes com este tipo neoplásico incluem distensão abdominal e sinais secundários de hiperestrogenismo. O diagnóstico deve ser baseado na associação do histórico, sinais clínicos, exames radiográficos, ultrassonográficos, citológicos, histopatológicos e imunohistoquímicos. O tratamento de escolha é a castração cirúrgica, sendo que as metástases são incomuns. Perante a raridade em cadelas, em específico as jovens, este relato teve como propósito discorrer um caso de disgerminoma ovariano esquerdo, de tamanho considerável e aderência em órgãos adjacentes, em uma Fila Brasileira, cuja sintomatologia incluiu considerável aumento de volume abdominal e emagrecimento progressivo. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por meio de exames complementares de raios-x, ultrassom, histopatológico e imunohistoquímicos. Mesmo com a instituição dotratamento cirúrgico preconizado (castração), a paciente demonstrou grave sintomatologia respiratória e aumento de volume abdominal após dois meses e, como os exames complementares foram sugestivos de metástases pulmonares e multifocais, o tutor optou pela eutanásia. Diante dos resultados, pode-se admitir que apesar de raro em cadelas, o disgerminoma deve ser incluído no diferencial das neoplasias ovarianas, incluindo as jovens.


Subject(s)
Ovary , Dogs , Dysgerminoma , Germ Cells , Neoplasms
18.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(4): 1173-1178, july/aug. 2019. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048854

ABSTRACT

The tear lipid layer (oily outer layer) reduces evaporation and prevents tear overflow. In dogs, reductions in the lipid components of this layer (cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids) can cause eye serious diseases. In this way, the tear crystallization test analyzes the lacrimal quality, however, it is less used in veterinary. As phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol, the objective of this study was to investigate, through the tear crystallization test, whether the systemic administration of this drug influences the lacrimal quality of healthy dogs and, in addition, to verify differences in the interpretation of the ophthalmic test between different evaluators. Eight beagles, healthy, of both sexes, young and adults, without clinical ophthalmic signs apparent were selected. Basal lacrimal samples (D0) were collected from the right and left eye of all animals with glass capillary tube and arranged on a glass slide for scanning the images and subsequent microscopic analysis. Subsequently, all were medicated with the phytosterol (Collestra® 650 mg: 1 capsule, orally, every 12 hours, for 15 days). After seven (D7) and fifteen (D15) days of this systemic administration, the tear crystallization test in both eyes of all dogs was again performed for statistical comparison with the baseline results. The photographs of the slides were classified by four evaluators (AV1 and AV2 with professional experience in ophthalmology and AV3 and AV4 without previous professional experience in ophthalmology), following standards established by Rolando (1984). The results were statistically verified by analysis of simple variance (ANOVA One-Way). There was no statistical difference in the tear crystallization test between the established periods and in relation to the different ophthalmic test evaluators (p≤0.05). Although phytosterols reduce blood cholesterol levels, it was observed in the present study that these drugs when administered systemically did not interfere in the tear lipid layer and, consequently, in the lacrimal quality of healthy dogs, and may be prescribed as lipid-lowering agents for patients with ocular diseases, especially the lacrimal ones.


A camada lipídica lacrimal (camada externa oleosa) reduz a evaporação e previne o transbordamento lacrimal. Em cães, reduções nos componentes lipídicos desta camada (colesterol, triglicérides e fosfolipídios) podem causar doenças graves nos olhos. Desta forma, o teste de cristalização lacrimal analisa a qualidade lacrimal, no entanto, é menos utilizado em veterinária. Como o fitoesterol reduz o colesterol sanguíneo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, através do teste de cristalização lacrimal, se a administração sistêmica deste fármaco influencia na qualidade lacrimal de cães hígidos e, além disso, verificar diferenças na interpretação do teste oftalmológico entre diferentes avaliadores. Oito beagles, saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, jovens e adultos, sem sinais oftalmológicos clínicos aparentes foram selecionados. Amostras lacrimais basais (D0) foram coletadas do olho direito e esquerdo de todos os animais, com tubo capilar de vidro e, dispostas em lâmina de vidro para escaneamento das imagens e posterior análise microscópica. Ato contínuo todos foram medicados com o fitoesterol (Collestra® 650 mg: 1 cápsula, por via oral, a cada 12 horas, durante 15 dias). Após sete (D7) e quinze (D15) dias desta administração sistêmica, o teste de cristalização lacrimal em ambos os olhos de todos os cães foi novamente realizado para comparação estatística com os resultados basais. As fotografias das lâminas foram classificadas por quatro avaliadores (AV1 e AV2 com experiência profissional em oftalmologia e AV3 e AV4 sem experiência profissional prévia em oftalmologia), seguindo padrões estabelecidos por Rolando (1984). Os resultados foram estatisticamente verificados pela análise de variância simples (ANOVA One-Way). Não houve diferença estatística no teste de cristalização lacrimal entre os períodos estabelecidos e em relação aos diferentes avaliadores de teste oftalmológico (p≤0,05). Embora os fitoesteróis reduzam os níveis de colesterol no sangue, observou-se no presente estudo que esses fármacos quando administrados sistemicamente não interferiram na camada lipídica da lágrima e, consequentemente, na qualidade lacrimal de cães hígidos, podendo ser prescritos como agentes hipolipemiantes para pacientes com doenças oculares, especialmente as lacrimais.


Subject(s)
Ophthalmology , Phytosterols , Dogs , Lacrimal Apparatus , Lipids
19.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(4): 324-335, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011506

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present the essential guidelines for pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles retrieved from the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and SciELO databases published from 1997 to 2017. Other relevant articles in the literature were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools. Results: Of 5,362 articles retrieved, 1,731 abstracts were selected for further reading. The final sample included 74 articles that met all inclusion criteria. The evidence shows that pharmacologic treatment is indicated only after non-pharmacologic approaches have failed. The cause of the agitation, side effects of the medications, and contraindications must guide the medication choice. The oral route should be preferred for drug administration; IV administration must be avoided. All subjects must be monitored before and after medication administration. Conclusion: If non-pharmacological strategies fail, medications are needed to control agitation and violent behavior. Once medicated, the patient should be monitored until a tranquil state is possible without excessive sedation. Systematic review registry number: CRD42017054440.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychomotor Agitation/drug therapy , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychomotor Agitation/diagnosis , Antipsychotic Agents/classification , Benzodiazepines/classification , Brazil , Disease Management
20.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(2): 153-167, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990823

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present the essential guidelines for non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil. Methods: These guidelines were developed based on a systematic review of articles published from 1997 to 2017, retrieved from MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and SciELO. Other relevant articles identified by searching the reference lists of included studies were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools. Results: We initially selected 1,731 abstracts among 5,362 articles. The final sample included 104 articles that fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. The management of agitated patients should always start with the least coercive approach. The initial non-pharmacological measures include a verbal strategy and referral of the patient to the appropriate setting, preferably a facility designed for the care of psychiatric patients with controlled noise, lighting, and safety aspects. Verbal de-escalation techniques have been shown to decrease agitation and reduce the potential for associated violence in the emergency setting. The possibility of underlying medical etiologies must be considered first and foremost. Particular attention should be paid to the patient's appearance and behavior, physical signs, and mental state. If agitation is severe, rapid tranquilization with medications is recommended. Finally, if verbal measures fail to contain the patient, physical restraint should be performed as the ultimate measure for patient protection, and always be accompanied by rapid tranquilization. Healthcare teams must be thoroughly trained to use these techniques and overcome difficulties if the verbal approach fails. It is important that healthcare professionals be trained in non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation as part of the requirements for a degree and graduate degree. Conclusion: The non-pharmacological management of agitated patients should follow the hierarchy of less invasive to more invasive and coercive measures, starting with referral of the patient to an appropriate environment, management by a trained team, use of verbal techniques, performance of physical and mental assessment, use of medications, and, if unavoidable, use of the mechanical restraint. Systematic review registry number: CRD42017054440.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychomotor Agitation/diagnosis , Psychomotor Agitation/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Disease Management , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Brazil
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